Invisible palmar needles: thyroid disorder associated spiny keratoderma and the importance of proper light for visualization.

Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition that presents on the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and/or feet. This condition is difficult to appreciate under ambient lighting but can be both physically and emotionally distressing to patients. Furthermore, because of the association with various neoplasms and systemic diseases, timely diagnosis and appropriate follow-up is of importance. We evaluate a case of spiny keratoderma in a patient with recently diagnosed hypothyroidism and emphasize the importance of proper lighting during a dermatology-focused physical examination. The patient's palmar lesions were only appreciable under LED light and with physical examination. A biopsy of the lesions confirmed the diagnosis of spiny keratoderma.

Aquagenic keratoderma.

BACKGROUND: Aquagenic keratoderma is triggered in the palms and soles after contact with water, and is characterized by the appearance of translucent papules forming macerated plaques. It may be associated with medications and diseases such as cystic fibrosis, atopy, and malnutrition, or be idiopathic. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a 17-year-old female patient with chronic functional abdominal pain. She presented with a 2-month history of "wrinkling" of palms after contact with water. After stimulation with water, palmar hyperlinearity and whitish, translucent papules forming macerated-looking plaques with a central depression were observed. Dermoscopically, we observed whitish and anfractive structures with coral appearance and microdroplets of water. In the histological study, we observed continuous hyperkeratosis and acrosyringium dilation from the middle dermis to the stratum corneum. With the clinical presentation and histological findings, aquagenic keratoderma was diagnosed, and treatment was started with partial improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Aquagenic keratoderma is an underdiagnosed entity. Despite its indolent course, it could be considered as a marker of a systemic disease such as cystic fibrosis. Since the discussion about the terminology of the disease has arisen, we considered adjusting to a descriptive nomenclature, proposing the term whitish macerated aquagenic plaques of the acrosyringium. It is necessary to continue reporting these cases to understand the disease better and offer adequate management and comprehensive follow-up to the patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La queratodermia acuagénica se desencadena tras el contacto de las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies con el agua. Se caracteriza por la aparición de pápulas translúcidas que forman placas de aspecto macerado. Puede asociarse con el consumo de ciertos medicamentos y con afecciones como la fibrosis quística, la atopia y la desnutrición, o ser idiopática. CASO CLÍNICO: Se describe el caso de una paciente de 17 años con dolor abdominal crónico funcional. Presentó una dermatosis de 2 meses de evolución que afectaba las palmas con «arrugamiento¼ después del contacto con el agua. Tras el estímulo con el agua, se observaron hiperlinealidad palmar y pápulas blanquecinas y translúcidas que formaban placas de aspecto macerado con una depresión central. Dermatoscópicamente se observaron estructuras blanquecinas anfractuosas de apariencia coraliforme y microgotas de agua. En el estudio histológico se observaron hiperqueratosis continua y dilatación del acrosiringio desde la dermis media hasta el estrato córneo. Con el cuadro clínico y los hallazgos histológicos, se confirmó el diagnóstico de queratodermia acuagénica y se inició el tratamiento, con el que se observó una mejoría parcial. CONCLUSIONES: La queratodermia acuagénica es una afección subdiagnosticada y poco reportada. A pesar de cursar de forma indolente, puede considerarse como un marcador de enfermedad sistémica como la fibrosis quística. Ya que existe discusión sobre la nomenclatura de la enfermedad, consideramos ajustarnos a una nomenclatura descriptiva, como «placas blanquecinas y maceradas acuagénicas del acrosiringio¼. Es necesario continuar reportando estos casos para comprender mejor la enfermedad, ofrecer un manejo adecuado y dar seguimiento integral a los pacientes.

La queratodermia acuagénica: actualización terapéutica / Aquagenic Keratoderma: Treatment Update

La queratodermia acuagénica (QA) es una afectación dermatológica adquirida poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la aparición de edema y pápulas blanquecinas-translúcidas desencadenado por la inmersión o contacto con el agua. Se han descrito casos asociados a fármacos, hiperhidrosis y a fibrosis quística. Los objetivos del estudio son evaluar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos existentes para la QA. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura existente al respecto hasta el momento, incluyendo series de casos y reportes de caso. El tratamiento de la QA es efectivo en las formas asociadas a hiperhidrosis. La iontoforesis del agua del grifo, la simpatectomía torácica endoscópica, las inyecciones de toxina botulínica y la oxibutinina son efectivas en las formas refractarias. La aplicación tópica de ácido salicílico o sales de aluminio es efectiva, pero resulta poco eficaz como tratamiento de mantenimiento. Probablemente la mejor alternativa para el tratamiento de la QA sea la oxibutinina 5mg/día vo. Se ha observado que los efectos fisiopatológicos de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en la QA podrían justificar el uso de las prostaglandinas como un tratamiento dirigido de la enfermedad. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para fortalecer estas deducciones y abordar las incertidumbres restantes (AU)

Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or contact with water. Cases have been described in association with certain medications, hyperhidrosis, and cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for aquagenic keratoderma. We reviewed the literature and analyzed treatments for aquagenic keratoderma described in case series and reports. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating aquagenic keratoderma. The reported pathophysiological effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs in this setting suggest that the use of prostaglandins might be justified. Additional studies are needed to investigate these hypotheses and resolve other questions (AU)

[Translated article] Aquagenic Keratoderma: Treatment Update / La queratodermia acuagénica: actualización terapéutica

Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or contact with water. Cases have been described in association with certain medications, hyperhidrosis, and cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for aquagenic keratoderma. We reviewed the literature and analyzed treatments for aquagenic keratoderma described in case series and reports. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating aquagenic keratoderma. The reported pathophysiological effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs in this setting suggest that the use of prostaglandins might be justified. Additional studies are needed to investigate these hypotheses and resolve other questions (AU)

La queratodermia acuagénica (QA) es una afectación dermatológica adquirida poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la aparición de edema y pápulas blanquecinas-translúcidas desencadenado por la inmersión o contacto con el agua. Se han descrito casos asociados a fármacos, hiperhidrosis y a fibrosis quística. Los objetivos del estudio son evaluar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos existentes para la QA. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura existente al respecto hasta el momento, incluyendo series de casos y reportes de caso. El tratamiento de la QA es efectivo en las formas asociadas a hiperhidrosis. La iontoforesis del agua del grifo, la simpatectomía torácica endoscópica, las inyecciones de toxina botulínica y la oxibutinina son efectivas en las formas refractarias. La aplicación tópica de ácido salicílico o sales de aluminio es efectiva, pero resulta poco eficaz como tratamiento de mantenimiento. Probablemente la mejor alternativa para el tratamiento de la QA sea la oxibutinina 5mg/día vo. Se ha observado que los efectos fisiopatológicos de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en la QA podrían justificar el uso de las prostaglandinas como un tratamiento dirigido de la enfermedad. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para fortalecer estas deducciones y abordar las incertidumbres restantes (AU)

Aquagenic Keratoderma: Treatment Update. / La queratodermia acuagénica: actualización terapéutica.

Aquagenic keratoderma is an uncommon acquired dermatosis characterized by edema and whitish-translucent papules triggered by immersion or contact with water. Cases have been described in association with certain medications, hyperhidrosis, and cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments for aquagenic keratoderma. We reviewed the literature and analyzed treatments for aquagenic keratoderma described in case series and reports. Aquagenic keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis can be treated effectively. Tap water iontophoresis, endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, botulinum toxin injections, and oxybutynin are effective against refractory forms. Topical salicylic acid and aluminum salts are effective, but of little value as maintenance therapy. Oral oxybutynin 5 mg/d is probably the best option for treating aquagenic keratoderma. The reported pathophysiological effects of nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs in this setting suggest that the use of prostaglandins might be justified. Additional studies are needed to investigate these hypotheses and resolve other questions.

Acquired palmoplantar keratoderma associated with primary biliary cholangitis: Complete and persistent resolution after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.

A 57-year-old woman presenting an acquired and persisting palmoplantar keratoderma associated with primary biliary cholangitis is reported. Treatment with oral ursodeoxycholic acid was prescribed, and a complete and persistent resolution of skin lesions was noted. This observation seems to support that acquired palmoplantar keratoderma is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of primary biliary cholangitis.

Palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis associated with HTLV-1 infection: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis is a cutaneous manifestation that had not been clearly associated with infection by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus, which is a retrovirus that in most cases does not develop clinical pathologies and its symptoms may be undetected. The skin is one of the most affected organs, however until now only seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis/ichthyosis and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 have been described as cutaneous clinical manifestations of this disease. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with serologically documented HTLV-1 infection, who presented symptoms of diarrhea, malabsorption due to Strongyloides stercoralis, and in whom a physical examination revealed an association with generalized xerosis and palmoplantar keratoderma confirmed by skin biopsy. Other infectious etiologies and malignancy were ruled out. This clinical manifestation was managed with dermal hydration, and skin care which improved the thickened skin and make it less noticeable. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, this is the first reported case of palmoplantar keratoderma associated with a human lymphotropic virus infection. This is a skin manifestation that has not been confirmed in conjunction with HTLV-I before. This implies that palmoplantar keratoderma is a new clinical manifestation of this infection, that should be considered in the initial approach of patients in endemic areas with these dermatological characteristics.

Aquagenic acrokeratoderma due to frequent handwashing during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

Aquagenic acrokeratoderma (AK) is a rare, transient type of acquired palmoplantar keratoderma resulting from short-term contact with water and characterized by white, transparent papules and plaques usually localized in the palmar regions of the hand. The pathogenesis of aquagenic acrokeratoderma is not fully understood and is assumed to be related to an increased salt concentration in the epidermal cells with an increase in the ability of stratum corneum to bind water. This report of patients developing AK following increased frequencies of handwashing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak is intended to contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis.